Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

GSK3B

glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta

translation score 0.51, read 2026-10-27; 3 sealed predictions, 0 held; 15 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.54 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
expressed broadly, no clear home in brain cells0.40
chemistry
Open Targets
compounds already reach it: azd-1080, tideglusib, ly-2090314 +31.00
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
3 Parkinson's trials, 0 stopped1.00
literature
PubMed
32 Parkinson's papers of 1,0790.54
pathways
Reactome
26 pathways; mostly protein handling0.90

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 11463

Earlier readings: 2026-10-26 0.51; 2026-10-25 0.51; 2026-10-24 0.51; 2026-10-23 0.51.

Sealed predictions

  1. GSK3B in dopamine neurons, braak-0.04 (p 0.912) → +0.70 (p 0.034)receipt 0596
  2. GSK3B in dopamine neurons, braak+0.06 (p 0.725) → -0.02 (p 0.904)receipt 0144
  3. GSK3B in dopamine neurons, resilience-0.32 (p 0.243) → +0.41 (p 0.159)receipt 0145

Swarm cases

receipt 0596: GSK3B in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.37 (p 0.135, n 18), 95% CI -0.12 to +0.71. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.43 (p 0.077, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.54 (p 0.021, n 18). not the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.29 to +0.53, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.37 (p 0.135, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GSK3B in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0145: GSK3B in dopamine neurons, resilience

power
full sample +0.03 (p 0.866, n 55), 95% CI -0.23 to +0.30. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for age, sex and PMI: +0.10 (p 0.614, n 55). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.12 (p 0.542); controlling for it: +0.13 (p 0.501, n 55). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.06 to +0.12, sign flips 3; without severely affected donors +0.03 (p 0.887, n 46). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "differs in resilient donors (Lewy pathology, no parkinsonism)" for GSK3B in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0144: GSK3B in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.01 (p 0.933, n 84), 95% CI -0.21 to +0.22. the interval sits on zero: probably nothing there.
confounder
adjusted for age, sex and PMI: +0.00 (p 0.977, n 84). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis -0.72 (p 1.8e-14); controlling for it: -0.11 (p 0.321, n 84). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.02 to +0.04, sign flips 17; without severely affected donors +0.03 (p 0.778, n 75). fragile.
cell type
strongest in astrocytes: -0.38 (p 3.2e-4, n 84) vs +0.01 in dopamine neurons. proposing astrocytes.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GSK3B in dopamine neurons.

follow-up registered; not confirmed in ventral tegmental area.
follow-up GSK3B · astrocytes · braak: ventral tegmental area -0.20 p 0.072 (needs p < 0.0023)

Receipts

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