Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

BHMT2

betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2

translation score 0.56, read 2026-10-26; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 1 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.01 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
expressed broadly, no clear home in brain cells0.40
chemistry
Open Targets
compounds already reach it: betaine1.00
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
no papers tie it to Parkinson's yet1.00
pathways
Reactome
1 pathway; mostly energy0.60
proposal for BHMT2, translation score 0.56

Knock down and overexpress BHMT2 in a dopamine neuron, astrocyte and microglia tri-culture; measure oxygen consumption rate and ATP output and dopamine neuron survival after α-synuclein fibril challenge.

Cell type
a dopamine neuron, astrocyte and microglia tri-culture
Direction
Both arms: public data does not say which way helps.
Molecular readout
oxygen consumption rate and ATP output
Functional readout
dopamine neuron survival after α-synuclein fibril challenge
Rule-out
If neither arm moves oxygen consumption rate by 20% or more against non-targeting and empty-vector controls, across three independent differentiations, the hypothesis is wrong.
Lab request
CRISPRi knockdown and lentiviral overexpression of BHMT2 in a tri-culture of iPSC dopamine neurons, astrocytes and microglia; n = 3 differentiations; readouts: oxygen consumption rate and ATP output; dopamine neuron survival after α-synuclein fibril challenge. Controls: non-targeting guide, empty vector. About 8 to 10 weeks, most of it differentiation.

Sealed predictions

  1. BHMT2 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.68 (p 0.042) → +0.54 (p 0.130)receipt 11165

Swarm cases

receipt 11165: BHMT2 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.52 (p 0.028, n 18), 95% CI +0.07 to +0.79. the interval excludes zero: something may be there, smaller than a half can see.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.39 (p 0.114, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.39 (p 0.114, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.46 to +0.64, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.52 (p 0.028, n 18). robust.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for BHMT2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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