Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

NDUFS2

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2

translation score 0.55, read 2026-10-27; 3 sealed predictions, 0 held; 15 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.59 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
expressed broadly, no clear home in brain cells0.40
chemistry
Open Targets
compounds already reach it: metformin hydrochloride, me-344, metformin1.00
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
4 Parkinson's trials, 0 stopped1.00
literature
PubMed
9 Parkinson's papers of 1520.70
pathways
Reactome
2 pathways; mostly mitochondrial quality control1.00

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 11456

Earlier readings: 2026-10-26 0.55; 2026-10-25 0.55; 2026-10-24 0.55; 2026-10-23 0.55.

Sealed predictions

  1. NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.10 (p 0.807) → -0.42 (p 0.262)receipt 0567
  2. NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, resilience-0.08 (p 0.743) → -0.33 (p 0.358)receipt 0098
  3. NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, braak-0.05 (p 0.768) → +0.01 (p 0.939)receipt 0097

Swarm cases

receipt 0567: NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample -0.13 (p 0.615, n 18), 95% CI -0.56 to +0.36. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: -0.14 (p 0.591, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: -0.15 (p 0.544, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.28 to -0.01, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors -0.13 (p 0.615, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0098: NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, resilience

power
full sample -0.14 (p 0.487, n 55), 95% CI -0.39 to +0.13. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for age, sex and PMI: -0.14 (p 0.474, n 55). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.12 (p 0.542); controlling for it: -0.13 (p 0.514, n 55). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.23 to -0.05, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors -0.15 (p 0.447, n 46). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "differs in resilient donors (Lewy pathology, no parkinsonism)" for NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0097: NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample -0.01 (p 0.934, n 84), 95% CI -0.22 to +0.21. the interval sits on zero: probably nothing there.
confounder
adjusted for age, sex and PMI: -0.03 (p 0.798, n 84). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis -0.72 (p 1.8e-14); controlling for it: -0.07 (p 0.533, n 84). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.04 to +0.03, sign flips 15; without severely affected donors -0.01 (p 0.901, n 75). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for NDUFS2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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