Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

IRS1

insulin receptor substrate 1

translation score 0.47, read 2026-10-19; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 2 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.08 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
expressed broadly, no clear home in brain cells0.40
chemistry
Open Targets
a small-molecule pocket: aganirsen0.60
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
22 Parkinson's papers of 6,5330.59
pathways
Reactome
18 pathways; mostly immune signalling0.90

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 3287

Sealed predictions

  1. IRS1 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.37 (p 0.334) → +0.71 (p 0.032)receipt 3294

Swarm cases

receipt 3294: IRS1 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.52 (p 0.028, n 18), 95% CI +0.07 to +0.79. the interval excludes zero: something may be there, smaller than a half can see.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.43 (p 0.075, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.39 (p 0.109, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.45 to +0.61, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.52 (p 0.028, n 18). robust.
cell type
strongest in astrocytes: -0.66 (p 0.0030, n 18) vs +0.52 in dopamine neurons. proposing astrocytes.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for IRS1 in dopamine neurons.

follow-up registered; not confirmed in substantia nigra, an independent cohort.
follow-up IRS1 · astrocytes · braak: substantia nigra, an independent cohort (Parkinson's or LBD vs controls) +0.68 p 0.016 (needs p < 5.7e-4)

Receipts

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