Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

ICOS

inducible T cell costimulator

translation score 0.49, read 2026-10-28; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 2 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.00 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
group enriched outside the brain (t-cells)0.10
chemistry
Open Targets
compounds already reach it: feladilimab, medi-570, rozibafusp alfa +10.81
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
1 Parkinson's trial, 0 stopped1.00
literature
PubMed
3 Parkinson's papers of 2,8640.82
pathways
Reactome
6 pathways; mostly immune signalling0.90

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 12782

Sealed predictions

  1. ICOS in dopamine neurons, braak-0.10 (p 0.795) → +0.32 (p 0.400)receipt 12788

Swarm cases

receipt 12788: ICOS in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.13 (p 0.615, n 18), 95% CI -0.36 to +0.56. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.11 (p 0.658, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.16 (p 0.521, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.00 to +0.27, sign flips 1; without severely affected donors +0.13 (p 0.615, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for ICOS in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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