Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

HPSE2

heparanase 2 (inactive)

translation score 0.62, read 2026-10-22; 2 sealed predictions, 0 held; 2 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.03 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
cell type enhanced in astrocytes (1765 nCPM)1.00
chemistry
Open Targets
reachable by antibody0.45
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
no papers tie it to Parkinson's yet1.00
pathways
Reactome
1 pathway; mostly protein handling0.90
proposal for HPSE2, translation score 0.62

Knock down and overexpress HPSE2 in astrocytes; measure proteasome activity and the load of ubiquitinated protein and α-synuclein uptake and degradation, and dopamine neuron survival in co-culture.

Cell type
astrocytes
Direction
Both arms: public data does not say which way helps.
Molecular readout
proteasome activity and the load of ubiquitinated protein
Functional readout
α-synuclein uptake and degradation, and dopamine neuron survival in co-culture
Rule-out
If neither arm moves proteasome activity by 20% or more against non-targeting and empty-vector controls, across three independent differentiations, the hypothesis is wrong.
Lab request
CRISPRi knockdown and lentiviral overexpression of HPSE2 in iPSC-derived midbrain astrocytes; n = 3 differentiations; readouts: proteasome activity and the load of ubiquitinated protein; α-synuclein uptake and degradation, and dopamine neuron survival in co-culture. Controls: non-targeting guide, empty vector. About 8 to 10 weeks, most of it differentiation.

Sealed predictions

  1. HPSE2 in astrocytes, braak+0.37 (p 0.329) → +0.02 (p 0.964)receipt 6650
  2. HPSE2 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.11 (p 0.784) → +0.29 (p 0.456)receipt 6651

Swarm cases

receipt 6651: HPSE2 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.24 (p 0.341, n 18), 95% CI -0.26 to +0.63. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.23 (p 0.351, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.22 (p 0.379, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.17 to +0.42, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.24 (p 0.341, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for HPSE2 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 6650: HPSE2 in astrocytes, braak

power
full sample +0.16 (p 0.521, n 18), 95% CI -0.33 to +0.58. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.22 (p 0.389, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
astrocytes share of nuclei vs axis -0.21 (p 0.413); controlling for it: +0.30 (p 0.228, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.04 to +0.30, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.16 (p 0.521, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for HPSE2 in astrocytes.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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