Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

GRIN1

glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1

translation score 0.62, read 2026-10-27; 3 sealed predictions, 0 held; 3 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.70 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
group enriched in brain inhibitory neurons (260 nCPM)1.00
chemistry
Open Targets
compounds already reach it: ralfinamide, amantadine hydrochloride, av-101 +281.00
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
49 Parkinson's trials, 8 stopped0.87
literature
PubMed
11 Parkinson's papers of 4680.67
pathways
Reactome
9 pathways; mostly dopamine synapse1.00
proposal for GRIN1, translation score 0.62

Knock down and overexpress GRIN1 in dopamine neurons; measure evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake and survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils.

Cell type
dopamine neurons
Direction
Both arms: public data does not say which way helps; existing compounds already reach the inhibition arm.
Molecular readout
evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake
Functional readout
survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils
Rule-out
If neither arm moves evoked dopamine release by 20% or more against non-targeting and empty-vector controls, across three independent differentiations, the hypothesis is wrong.
Lab request
CRISPRi knockdown and lentiviral overexpression of GRIN1 in iPSC-derived midbrain dopamine neurons (FOXA2+, LMX1A+, TH+); n = 3 differentiations; readouts: evoked dopamine release and dopamine transporter uptake; survival of TH-positive neurons and phospho-α-synuclein (pS129) inclusions after seeding with α-synuclein fibrils. Controls: non-targeting guide, empty vector. About 8 to 10 weeks, most of it differentiation.

Earlier readings: 2026-10-26 0.62; 2026-10-25 0.62; 2026-10-24 0.62; 2026-10-23 0.62.

Sealed predictions

  1. GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, braak-0.33 (p 0.386) → -0.12 (p 0.768)receipt 0524
  2. GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, resiliencen/a → n/areceipt 0030
  3. GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, braakn/a → n/areceipt 0029

Swarm cases

receipt 0524: GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample -0.22 (p 0.374, n 18), 95% CI -0.62 to +0.27. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: -0.23 (p 0.365, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: -0.45 (p 0.063, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.32 to -0.12, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors -0.22 (p 0.374, n 18). fragile.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GRIN1 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0030: GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, resilience

cell type
GRIN1 is not measured in dopamine neurons; looking elsewhere.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "differs in resilient donors (Lewy pathology, no parkinsonism)" for GRIN1 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

receipt 0029: GRIN1 in dopamine neurons, braak

cell type
GRIN1 is not measured in dopamine neurons; looking elsewhere.
cell type
strongest in microglia: +0.30 (p 0.0058, n 84). proposing microglia.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GRIN1 in dopamine neurons.

case closed: every proposal failed a challenge.

Receipts

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