Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

GLI3

GLI family zinc finger 3

translation score 0.53, read 2026-10-20; 2 sealed predictions, 0 held; 3 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.06 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
cell type enhanced in astrocytes (474 nCPM)1.00
chemistry
Open Targets
hard to drug0.00
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
1 Parkinson's trial, 0 stopped1.00
literature
PubMed
3 Parkinson's papers of 1,2680.82
pathways
Reactome
5 pathways; mostly protein handling0.90

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 4630

Sealed predictions

  1. GLI3 in astrocytes, braak+0.77 (p 0.015) → +0.58 (p 0.102)receipt 4637
  2. GLI3 in dopamine neurons, braak-0.24 (p 0.530) → -0.10 (p 0.795)receipt 4638

Swarm cases

receipt 4638: GLI3 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.01 (p 0.983, n 18), 95% CI -0.46 to +0.47. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: -0.03 (p 0.922, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: -0.23 (p 0.365, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range -0.07 to +0.13, sign flips 10; without severely affected donors +0.01 (p 0.983, n 18). fragile.
cell type
strongest in astrocytes: +0.65 (p 0.0034, n 18) vs +0.01 in dopamine neurons. proposing astrocytes.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GLI3 in dopamine neurons.

follow-up registered; not confirmed in substantia nigra, an independent cohort.
follow-up GLI3 · astrocytes · braak: substantia nigra, an independent cohort (Parkinson's or LBD vs controls) -0.63 p 0.026 (needs p < 4.3e-4)

receipt 4637: GLI3 in astrocytes, braak

power
full sample +0.65 (p 0.0034, n 18), 95% CI +0.26 to +0.86. the interval excludes zero: something may be there, smaller than a half can see.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.68 (p 0.0017, n 18). holds up.
composition
astrocytes share of nuclei vs axis -0.21 (p 0.413); controlling for it: +0.67 (p 0.0022, n 18). not the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.61 to +0.73, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.65 (p 0.0034, n 18). robust.
cell type
no other cell group does better.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for GLI3 in astrocytes.

case closed: nothing better to follow up.

Receipts

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