Braak stage 1, 100% of pigmented neurons left
parkinsonconnecting

Gene record

ENPP1

ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

translation score 0.51, read 2026-10-29; 1 sealed predictions, 0 held; 2 receipts.

Six readers

readerfoundscore
genetics
Open Targets
no genetic evidence; overall 0.00 from other evidence0.00
cell type
Human Protein Atlas
expressed broadly, no clear home in brain cells0.40
chemistry
Open Targets
a small-molecule pocket0.60
trials
ClinicalTrials.gov
no Parkinson's trials on record: an open field1.00
literature
PubMed
no papers tie it to Parkinson's yet1.00
pathways
Reactome
2 pathways; mostly energy0.60

No case: the score is under the bar. Receipt 14389

Sealed predictions

  1. ENPP1 in dopamine neurons, braak+0.38 (p 0.311) → -0.14 (p 0.725)receipt 14396

Swarm cases

receipt 14396: ENPP1 in dopamine neurons, braak

power
full sample +0.16 (p 0.526, n 18), 95% CI -0.33 to +0.58. the interval is wide: not enough donors to tell.
confounder
adjusted for sex: +0.17 (p 0.493, n 18). does not hold up.
composition
dopamine neurons share of nuclei vs axis +0.05 (p 0.854); controlling for it: +0.21 (p 0.398, n 18). could be the mix.
skeptic
leave-one-out range +0.06 to +0.30, sign flips 0; without severely affected donors +0.16 (p 0.526, n 18). fragile.
cell type
strongest in astrocytes: +0.68 (p 0.0020, n 18) vs +0.16 in dopamine neurons. proposing astrocytes.
axis
no measure beats "tracks Braak Lewy-body stage" for ENPP1 in dopamine neurons.

follow-up registered; not confirmed in substantia nigra, an independent cohort.
follow-up ENPP1 · astrocytes · braak: substantia nigra, an independent cohort (Parkinson's or LBD vs controls) -0.60 p 0.033 (needs p < 1.6e-4)

Receipts

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